Toward the metal battery, due to the existence of the inter-surface of cathode electrode and electrolyte, the heterogenous catalysts are more frequently applied to accelerate the cathode redox reaction. Due to different discharge-charging mechanisms from different metal batteries, the suitable or optimal catalysts could vary.
Due to different discharge-charging mechanisms from different metal batteries, the suitable or optimal catalysts could vary. Compared with lithium gas battery, there is a wide range of catalysts which can be applied in lithium sulfur battery, for example, Ti/V/Cr/Mn/Fe/Co/Ni/Cu/Zn based materials.
By far, the emerging catalysts applied in alkaline metal battery can be categorized into the homogenous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts refer to catalysts that are soluble and do not precipitate with reactants in reaction solution. They interact with reactant molecules to promote the reaction progress.
Electrolyte: A membrane that separates the anode and cathode, allowing the passage of protons (hydrogen ions). Catalyst: A material (often platinum or palladium) that speeds up the chemical reaction. (Figure 2) illustrates the basic components and working of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), recognized as the energy storage benchmark, have been successfully applied in a veriaty of portable electronic devices and electricity system .
This review is expected to drive and benefit future research on rational catalyst design with multi-parameter synergistic impacts on the activity and stability of next-generation metal battery, thus opening new avenue for sustainable solution to climate change, energy and environmental issues, and the potential industrial economy.