One approach is to use energy storage systems, such as batteries, to store excess energy generated by the microgrid. These systems can provide backup power during power outages and help to smooth out voltage and frequency fluctuations.
As the global energy demand grows and the push for renewable sources intensifies, energy storage systems (ESS) have become crucial in balancing supply and demand, enhancing energy security, and increasing the efficiency of power systems.
As discussed in the earlier sections, some features are preferred when deploying energy storage systems in microgrids. These include energy density, power density, lifespan, safety, commercial availability, and financial/ technical feasibility. Lead-acid batteries have lower energy and power densities than other electrochemical devices.
This paper provides a critical review of the existing energy storage technologies, focusing mainly on mature technologies. Their feasibility for microgrids is investigated in terms of cost, technical benefits, cycle life, ease of deployment, energy and power density, cycle life, and operational constraints.
Electrochemical storage systems are pivotal in powering electric vehicles, thereby contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels. In residential and commercial sectors, these batteries support off-grid solar systems, providing energy storage solutions that enhance energy independence and stability.
The biggest disadvantage of this type of storage is the high cost of installation and the need for pumps and compressors to keep the coolant at a low temperature . Chemical energy storage systems apply reversible chemical reactions with high energy consumption to store energy.