By breaking through the energy density limits step-by-step, the use of lithium cobalt oxide-based Li-ion batteries (LCO-based LIBs) has led to the unprecedented success of consumer electronics over the past 27 years. Recently, strong demands for the quick renewal of the properties of electronic products ever
The high-temperature phase of lithium cobalt oxide is a common layered oxide material in lithium-ion battery cathodes, with a spatial structure belonging to the hexagonal crystal system (unit cell parameters a = 2.816 Å and c = 14.08 Å, α-NaFeO 2 -type layered structure in R-3m space group).
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2, LCO) dominates in 3C (computer, communication, and consumer) electronics-based batteries with the merits of extraordinary volumetric and gravimetric energy density, high-voltage plateau, and facile synthesis.
To maximize the capacity of lithium cobalt oxide, modifying it to stabilize its structure under high voltage and allowing it to charge and discharge at higher voltage platforms (4.5 V or even 4.6 V) without losing capacity has become a major research direction for lithium cobalt oxide. Table 1.
Suppressing the transformation of harmful phases under high voltage and stabilizing the crystal structure is one of the most effective ways to modify lithium cobalt oxide to stabilize its cycling performance.
During the charge and discharge process of lithium cobalt oxide, as the charging voltage increases, lithium ions continuously deintercalate, leading to significant changes in the crystal structure and the generation of large internal stresses within the particles.