The chapter presents smart inverter functions for battery energy storage systems and discusses the prioritization of different smart inverter functions. Distributed energy resource (DER) inverters can potentially exchange rated reactive current with the grid even at zero active power outputs.
The simplest way to integrate the energy conversion and storage units together is to connect them by wires. [21, 23] For example, Gibson and Kelly reported a combination of iron phosphate type Li-ion battery and a thin amorphous Si solar cell. The integrated system achieved an overall solar energy conversion and storage efficiency of 14.5%.
Solar energy can be converted and stored into the supercapacitor when they were in a parallel connection, while the stored energy can be discharged to help the solar cell achieve a high output power when they worked in series. The overall solar to electricity efficiency for the whole system was 10%.
The integrated system achieved an overall solar energy conversion and storage efficiency of 14.5%. Later on, the same group used DC-DC converter to elevate the low-voltage PV voltage to over 300 V and charged the high-voltage NiMH battery pack, resulting in an integrated system with a high solar to battery energy storage efficiency.
Thermal energy is another abundantly available energy source, and most of it especially the low-grade heat from such sources as industrial wastes, geothermal activity, and solar heating, is often wasted. Thermal-electric energy conversion and storage has been demonstrated as an attractive technology to utilize this vast energy.
Utilization: To enhance the performance and security of solar smart grid systems to better meet the electricity demand under various operating modes. Converting Infrared Light into Visible Light to Increase Efficiency of Solar Cell Prof. WANG Jianfang