Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are combinations of LIBs and SCs which phenomenally improve the performance by bridging the gap between these two devices. In this review, we first introduce the concept of LICs, criteria for materials selection and recent trends in the anode and cathode materials development.
The interest in developing lithium deposits in the Western Balkans is part of a wider push to exploit the mineral across Europe. Demand for the world’s lightest metal, lithium, is forecast to grow strongly in the coming decade as car manufacturers ramp up production of electric vehicles (EVs).
However, in the present state of the art, both devices are inadequate for many applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and so on. Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are combinations of LIBs and SCs which phenomenally improve the performance by bridging the gap between these two devices.
Design of Lithium-Ion Capacitors In terms of LIC design, the process of pre-lithiation, the working voltage and the mass ratio of the cathode to the anode allow a difference in energy capacity, power efficiency and cyclic stability. An ideal working capacity can usually be accomplished by intercalating Li + into the interlayer of graphite.
However, because of the low rate of Faradaic process to transfer lithium ions (Li+), the LIB has the defects of poor power performance and cycle performance, which can be improved by adding capacitor material to the cathode, and the resulting hybrid device is also known as a lithium-ion battery capacitor (LIBC).
Schroeder, M.; Winter, M.; Passerini, S.; Balducci, A. On the cycling stability of lithium-ion capacitors containing soft carbon as anodic material. J. Power Sources 2013, 238, 388–394.