In short, batch control of organic photovoltaic materials on the lab scale mainly develops polymers whose photovoltaic efficiency is insensitivity to molecular weight. This is the basis for the industrial production of stable photovoltaic performance polymers.
Solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a potential contender for next-generation photovoltaic technology because of their advantages, such as low carbon footprint, low-temperature processing, short energy payback period, and facile manufacture into flexible, lightweight, and semitransparent products.
BC-Si solar cells offer advantages over traditional structures with zero shading losses and reduced contact resistance. Additionally, the uniform and dark appearance of BC solar cells and modules enhances their aesthetic appeal, making them suitable for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).
Relevant photovoltaic parameters of the three all-polymer systems based on various PYT batches are summarized in Supplementary Fig. 14 and Supplementary Tables 5 – 7. To maximize the PCE of the PYT-based devices, we need to prepare PA PYT batches with higher Mw s for PD PBDB-T.
The state-of-the-art bulk-heterojunction (BHJ)-type organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE), encouraging the development of the fabrication of massive OSC modules and commercial available photovoltaic devices.
However, numerous studies have showed that the most popular photovoltaic polymers, such as PM6, D18, PYIT, etc., exhibit obviously inferior batch-to-batch reproducibility and subsequently cause the photovoltaic device performance variations , , .