With several years development, perovskite/Si tandems have achieved a certified efficiency of 29.5% for 2T tandem cells and 28.2% for 4T tandem cells, exceeding both perovskite and Si-based single-junction solar cells.
These years have witnessed the rapid development of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. The excellent optoelectronic properties and tunable bandgaps of perovskite materials make them potential candidates for developing tandem solar cells, by combining with silicon, Cu (In,Ga)Se 2 and organic solar cells.
For perovskite tandem solar cell to compete with conventional silicon solar cells, a tandem module stability ranging from 20 to 30 years is required. Though 2T and 4T configurations are established at outdoor conditions, the 3T tandem devices are still at the edge of lab scale establishment with an established efficiency of only 17.1% .
(C) Device structure of a 2T perovskite/Si tandem cell. The perovskite layer is deposited by solution processed on a double-side textured Si bottom cell. The cross-section SEM images shows the textured Si with pyramid morphology and it is fully covered by a perovskite top cell with thick perovskite film.
Even though there are reports on large area tandem perovskite silicon solar cells (12.96 cm 2 and 16 cm 2) , with good performance, the lateral resistance of transparent electrode, and inefficient recombination layers act as negative impacts for commercialization of monolithic devices.
Perovskite-silicon (Si) tandem solar cells are the most prominent contenders to succeed single-junction Si cells that dominate the market today. Yet, to justify the added cost of inserting a perovskite cell on top of Si, these devices should first exhibit sufficiently high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).