This overview of currently available safety standards for batteries for stationary battery energy storage systems shows that a number of standards exist that include some of the safety tests required by the Regulation concerning batteries and waste batteries, forming a good basis for the development of the regulatory tests.
These include performance and durability requirements for industrial batteries, electric vehicle (EV) batteries, and light means of transport (LMT) batteries; safety standards for stationary battery energy storage systems (SBESS); and information requirements on SOH and expected lifetime.
When it comes to battery performance and safety, there aren’t any obligatory regulatory mandates; the primary reference points are the European Union’s battery performance and safety standards.
UL 1974:2018: “Standard for Evaluation for Repurposing Batteries” UL 1974:2018 lays out testing requirements for assembled repurposed batteries. The standard requires the battery to be suitable for its intended end use application and the cells inside the battery to be from the same model and the same manufacturer.
This standard outlines the product safety requirements and tests for secondary lithium (i.e. Li-ion) cells and batteries with a maximum DC voltage of 1500 V for the use in SBESS. This standards is about the safety of primary and secondary lithium batteries used as power sources.
China's existing battery safety standards mainly focus on post-production battery testing, namely the mechanical abuse, electrical abuse, thermal abuse, and environmental abuse testing described above, and then there are standards for battery production equipment as well as the production process and recycling of retired batteries.