Fig. 1 presents different ways to integrate the thermal energy storage active system; in the core of the building (ceiling, floor, walls), in external solar facades, as a suspended ceiling, in the ventilation system, or for thermal management of building integrated photovoltaic systems.
As it can be seen from Fig. 23, the STES consists predominantly of two components: the seasonal thermal energy storage vessel of volume 205 m³ (which is partially underground) and the flat plate solar collector of 276 m².
Integrated designs are required in active systems such as renewable energy facilities (i.e. photovoltaic, solar thermal) or energy efficiency HVAC systems. Many studies have been focused on improving the efficiency of these technologies by incorporating thermal energy storage systems that implies an additional storage volume .
In the first mode, the objective will be to reach a stable thermal output, while in the second mode larger temperature gradients will be targeted under shorter durations of time. This work will help to advance solar energy storage technology.
Energy storage will play an important role in integrating renewable energy sources into power grids worldwide. The EU-funded MOST project therefore aims to create a zero-emission solar energy storage system based on all-renewable materials.
Thermal energy storage (TES) is considered a promising principle that enhances the efficiency of renewable energies through the reduction of the supply and production gap. There are many studies in the literature where TES has been applied on building envelopes as passive system, in the HVAC systems or in solar thermal systems ( Table 4 ).