Over time, the gradual loss of capacity in batteries reduces the system’s ability to store and deliver the expected amount of energy. This capacity loss, coupled with increased internal resistance and voltage fade, leads to decreased energy density and efficiency.
In 2003 it was reported the typical range of capacity loss in lithium-ion batteries after 500 charging and discharging cycles varied from 12.4% to 24.1%, giving an average capacity loss per cycle range of 0.025–0.048% per cycle.
In fact, the capacity of batteries that are employed as a power source in an electric vehicle cannot be measured online. Therefore, establishing the relation of the capacity loss to the measurable parameters is a crucial factor that solves the issue of the online SOH estimation.
According to , for low currents charging and discharging battery losses are equal, while for higher currents, the discharging losses are approximately 10% more compared to the charging losses. Therefore, the battery percentage charging losses for 10Amps are 0.64%, and for 70Amps are 2.9%.
Only recently has it become possible to study EV battery range degradation effectively, with large enough numbers of electric vehicles beginning to hit the 100,000-mile mark and beyond. Previously published papers pointed to batteries losing 10% range after 200,000 miles, while some individuals have reported a 2% to 3% drop per year.
The losses occurring in the battery and in the PEU are simultaneously assessed during the experiments. Each experiment consists of neutral amp-second round-trips applied at the DC bus level, or in other words, same number of coulombs are charged to and discharged from the battery.
Capacity loss or capacity fading is a phenomenon observed in rechargeable battery usage where the amount of charge a battery can deliver at the rated voltage decreases with use. In 2003 it was reported the typical range of capacity loss in lithium-ion batteries after 500 charging and discharging cycles varied from 12.4% to 24.1%, giving an average capacity loss per cycle range of 0.025–0.048% per cycle.