We present a comprehensive review on lithium ion batteries used in hybrid and electric vehicles under cold temperatures. The weak performances of lithium-ion batteries in cold weather are explained. The influence of low temperatures on the aging mechanisms of lithium ion batteries is discussed.
Cold temperatures adversely affect EV batteries because they rely on chemical reactions to store and release electricity. Lithium-ion batteries – the most common cells used in electric and hybrid cars – work when lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode; cold slows this process down and restricts battery performance.
Winter driving won’t harm your EV battery in the long run, but long-term exposure to extreme temperatures — whether freezing or boiling — can gradually affect its health. Luckily, most EVs have built-in battery management systems to keep things running smoothly, so you can stay on the road without worry.
Lithium-ion batteries – the most common cells used in electric and hybrid cars – work when lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode; cold slows this process down and restricts battery performance. The result can be a dramatic loss in usable range. Yet for many drivers, even 152 miles will be plenty.
The chemistry of EV batteries means that the bold claims in adverts are adversely affected when the mercury plummets – and Parkers’ research suggests that electric car range can typically drop by as much as a third in winter.
Make no mistake: electric cars are less efficient in the winter. The cold weather affects battery performance, reducing range and forcing you to charge more often. But with EVs accounting for 14.5 per cent of new car registrations, what sort of mileage might go missing? And can you still drive an EV in sub-zero temperatures?