A well-designed BMS acts as a guardian, protecting the battery pack from these detrimental conditions while maximizing its performance and lifetime. It continuously monitors and manages various parameters, including voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SOC), ensuring that the battery operates within its safe operating limits.
The battery management system is mostly equipped with the corresponding database management system of battery operation and charging data to evaluate the battery performance. The data support is provided by the optimal design of batteries for application to the market.
Sensors: BMS relies on various sensors to monitor the state and performance of the battery cells and pack. Examples include: voltage monitoring, current sensors, temperature sensors, and impedance sensors.
Its main functions include accurately measuring the charged state of the battery pack and making a good estimate of the remaining electricity quantity, monitoring the running state of the battery pack in real time, balancing the cell between the cell and battery, prolonging the battery life, and monitoring the battery status.
2. Modular BMS: This architecture divides the battery pack into smaller modules, each with its own BMS controller. These modules communicate with a central master controller, offering improved scalability and redundancy. 3. Distributed BMS: In a distributed BMS, each battery cell or small group of cells has its own dedicated management circuit.
Safety Features: A good quality BMS incorporates various safety mechanisms such as short-circuit protection, over-current protection, and thermal shutdown functions which safeguard both the batteries and connected equipment from potential hazards.
A BMS may monitor the state of the battery as represented by various items, such as: • Voltage: total voltage, voltages of individual cells, or voltage of periodic taps • Temperature: average temperature, coolant intake temperature, coolant output temperature, or temperatures of individual cells