To fill this gap, a review of the most up-to-date charging control methods applied to the lithium-ion battery packs is conducted in this paper. They are broadly classified as non-feedback-based, feedback-based, and intelligent charging methods.
While multiple charg-ing strategies for single battery cells have been demonstrated recently, the effects, feasibility, and cost of implementing them in battery packs have not been get examined well.
The proposed model provides the control in charging and discharging for Li-ion battery.To achieve the control over charging and discharging, duty cycle control, current control, voltage control and switch-based control are the different methods which are exhibited to have control in charging and discharging.
In their study, fol-lowing a multi-module charger, a user-involved methodology with the leader-followers structure is developed to control the charging of a series-connected lithium-ion battery pack. In other words, they are exploiting a nominal model of battery cells.
The designed controller balances the competing factors, such as battery lifetime, and charging time. Accordingly, only the optimal charging is considered since discharging is user-dependent. The authors claim that their proposed framework may also be applied to optimize the discharge profile.
A typical feedback-based battery charging management design includes battery model, state estimator, and model-based controller. A model-based charging method calculates the optimal charging rate of a battery based on its empirical or EM model aiming to optimize the charging process by controlling the polarization voltage [65, 88 - 93].