Broad processing window (atmospherically applicable and scale-up) for efficient and stable perovskite solar devices/modules. Buried interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is currently a highly focused study area due to their impact on device performance and stability. However, it remains a major challenge to rationally design buried interfaces.
Buried interface has a profound influence on perovskite photostability. Passivation-free perovskite solar cells maintain 80 % efficiency after 47 days of light exposure. All-vapor-deposited perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer promising potential for maintaining high efficiency across large-area solar modules.
Interfaces are crucial factors in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), determining carrier separation, transport, collection, and recombination. The buried interface shows serious defects that are challenging to address directly, thus attracting researchers' attention.
Stability and scalability are essential and urgent requirements for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which are retarded by the non-ideal interface leading to non-radiative recombination and degradation. Extensive efforts are devoted to reducing the defects at the perovskite surface.
Moreover, PSCs with an initial power conversion efficiency of 24.4% maintain 90% of the original value after operating for 1,000 h. Employing a lattice-matched perovskite oxide as an electron transport layer allows optimizing the buried interface in perovskite solar cells. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.17% is achieved.
This shows that the underlying interface of perovskite can change the inherent properties of perovskite itself; therefore, utilizing a buried interface layer applied between the electron transport layer and that of perovskite can facilitate the transport and collection of charge carriers and can suppress interface charge recombination.