Low and zero technologies such as photovoltaic installations often include electrical energy storage systems (EESS). This section covers the types of systems available, as well as ongoing maintenance requirements and the issues to be considered in their design and installation within historic buildings.
Specific storage solutions might be chosen based on the application's performance needs. For large-scale energy storage applications, pumped-hydro and thermal energy storage systems are ideal, whereas battery energy storage systems are highly recommended for high power and energy requirements.
Exceptions to these were: Non-electricity systems: technologies which do not receive, store or output electrical energy were excluded. An example of this would be solar hot water storage, where thermal energy is received from a solar array, stored in a mass of water, and later distributed as heat.
A stand-alone power system (SAPS or SPS), also known as remote area power supply (RAPS), is an off-the-grid electricity system for locations that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system. Typical SAPS include one or more methods of electricity generation, energy storage, and regulation.
Storing the energy generated on-site to use later requires an 'electrical energy storage system' (EESS) that consists of distribution and control equipment, and batteries.
Mechanical energy storage (MES) system In the MES system, the energy is stored by transforming between mechanical and electrical energy forms . When the demand is low during off-peak hours, the electrical energy consumed by the power source is converted and stored as mechanical energy in the form of potential or kinetic energy.
OverviewTypesHybrid systemSystem monitoringPerformance assessmentLoad related problemsGallerySee also
A stand-alone power system (SAPS or SPS), also known as remote area power supply (RAPS), is an off-the-grid electricity system for locations that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system. Typical SAPS include one or more methods of electricity generation, energy storage, and regulation. Electricity is typically generated by one or more of the following methods: