Although the antimony based anode optimization method has been widely studied, the safety performance of the whole battery is determined by electrolyte and cathode materials, so the construction of GWh-factories, such as energy storage power stations, is still relatively difficult.
You have full access to this open access article The development of sodium-ion (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) has increased rapidly because of the abundant resources and cost-effectiveness of Na and K. Antimony (Sb) plays an important role in SIBs and PIBs because of its high theoretical capacity, proper working voltage, and low cost.
In this review, we systematically reviewed and summarized recent progress on Sb and Sb-based alloys as anodes for PIBs. Antimony, with its high theoretical capacity and appropriate potassiation potential, is regarded as a promising alloying-type anode material for PIBs.
The theoretical capacity of antimony metal as the negative electrode of a sodium ion battery is 660 mAh/g. Currently, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries can reach up to 300 Wh kg −1.
Besides the metallic Sb, antimony chalcogenides have also been considered as promising anode materials for PIBs owing to their high theoretical capacities and low cost.
Wang GZ, Feng JM, Dong L et al (2017) Antimony (IV) oxide nanorods/reduced graphene oxide as the anode material of sodium-ion batteries with excellent electrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 240:203–214