Lithium (Li) metal is widely recognized as a highly promising negative electrode material for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries due to its exceptional specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1), low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), and low density (0.534 g cm −3).
The incorporation of a high-energy negative electrode system comprising Li metal and silicon is particularly crucial. A strategy utilizing previously developed high-energy anode materials is advantageous for fabricating solid-state batteries with high energy densities.
Lithium (Li) metal shows promise as a negative electrode for high-energy-density batteries, but challenges like dendritic Li deposits and low Coulombic efficiency hinder its widespread large-scale adoption.
However, there are several challenges associated with the use of primary batteries. These include single use, costly materials, and environmental concerns. For instance, single use primary batteries generate large quantities of unrecyclable waste materials and toxic materials.
Compared to conventional batteries that contain insertion anodes, next-generation rechargeable batteries with metal anodes can yield more favourable energy densities, thanks to their high specific capacities and low electrode potentials. In this Review, we cover recent progress in metal anodes for rechargeable batteries.
A strategy utilizing previously developed high-energy anode materials is advantageous for fabricating solid-state batteries with high energy densities. In addition, solid-state-batteries that incorporate certain active materials (LFP, LTO, etc.) can further increase safety.