Most investigations on novel materials for Li- and Na-ion batteries are carried out in 2-electrode coin cells using Li- and Na-metal as the negative electrode, hence acting as counter and reference electrode.
Thick electrodes whose active materials have high areal density may improve the energy densities of lithium-ion batteries. However, the weakened rate abilities and cycle lifetimes of such electrodes significantly limit their practical applications.
With 2D materials, it is possible to create LiBs with good coulombic efficiency, lifetime for cycles, and capacity. One type of nanostructured material that is increasingly being considered will be crucial in the endeavor to produce batteries made of lithium-ion that function excellently is two-dimensional material.
A good explanation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) needs to convincingly account for the spontaneous, energy-releasing movement of lithium ions and electrons out of the negative and into the positive electrode, the defining characteristic of working LIBs.
However, due to its simplicity and reproducibility (e. g. automated cell assembly), 2-EHCs with alkali metals as the negative electrode are the most commonly used arrangement in battery research and will most likely remain so in the future.
While most household lithium-ion batteries consist of a single electrochemical cell generating a cell voltage of around 3.4 V, batteries providing higher voltages can be constructed from several such electrochemical cells in series.