All of electrolytic capacitors are frequency and temperature sensitive , have a fairly short lifespan and have a fairly high failure rate . There are many studies on the failure modes of electrolytic capacitors, and mainly aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
Abstract: This article describes methods to identify hazards and assess the risks associated with capacitor stored energy. Building on previous research, we establish practical thresholds for various hazards that are associated with stored capacitor energy, including shock, arc flash, short circuit heating, and acoustic energy release.
Failing aluminum electrolytic capacitors can have significantly adverse effects on electronic circuits. Most technicians have seen the tale-tell signs – bulging, chemical leaks, and even tops that have blown off. When they fail, the circuits that contain them no longer perform as designed – most often affecting power supplies.
Characteristics of electrolytic capacitors. Although there are many electrolytic capacitors, they have some common characteristics. Electrolytic capacitors are the cheapest and most requested capacitors thanks to their high storage densities and low rated currents. However, their ESR and ESL value limits their maximum operating frequency.
1 Non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors contain paper sep-arators and electric-conductive electrolyte that contains organic solvent as main solvent material, both of which are flammable. If the electrolyte leaks onto a printed circuit board, it can erode the device circuit pattern, may short-circuit the copper traces, smoke and burn.
Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance, but this type of capacitor has drawbacks such as high leakage current and high ESR. Some electrolytic capacitors may experience a gradual loss of capacitance when subjected to heat.