Thermal energy storage (TES) systems store heat or cold for later use and are classified into sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical heat storage. Sensible heat storage systems raise the temperature of a material to store heat. Latent heat storage systems use PCMs to store heat through melting or solidifying.
To meet these gaps and maintain a balance between electricity production and demand, energy storage systems (ESSs) are considered to be the most practical and efficient solutions. ESSs are designed to convert and store electrical energy from various sales and recovery needs [, , ].
They also intend to effect the potential advancements in storage of energy by advancing energy sources. Renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems are made possible by the use of energy storage technologies.
Latent heat storage systems use PCMs to store heat through melting or solidifying. Thermochemical heat storage systems store heat by breaking or forming chemical bonds. TES systems find applications in space heating and cooling, industrial processes, and power generation.
Latent heat energy storage (LHS) An essential component of latent heat storage systems operation is the quantity of heat that is absorbed or released during a storage material's phase change. For LHS systems, the material must be able to go through a phase change at a steady temperature.
Thermal energy storage system Renewable energy systems require energy storage, and TES is used for heating and cooling applications . Unlike photovoltaic units, solar systems predominantly harness the Sun's thermal energy and have distinct efficiencies. However, they rely on a radiation source for thermal support.