The electrochemical storage system involves the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy in a chemical reaction involving energy release in the form of an electric current at a specified voltage and time. You might find these chapters and articles relevant to this topic.
Two main categories of electrochemical-energy storage systems are low-temperature batteries, such as lead, nickel, and lithium batteries, and high-temperature batteries, such as sodium-sulfur batteries.
An advantage of electrochemical energy storage over thermal processes is that it is an isothermal process, not dependent on the conversion efficiency of the Carnot limit. Various criteria determine the efficiency of energy storage in electrochemical batteries.
The complexity of modern electrochemical storage systems requires strategies in research to gain in-depth understandings of the fundamental processes occurring in the electrochemical cell in order to apply this knowledge to develop new conceptual electrochemical energy storage systems.
Electrochemical energy storage/conversion systems include batteries and ECs. Despite the difference in energy storage and conversion mechanisms of these systems, the common electrochemical feature is that the reactions occur at the phase boundary of the electrode/electrolyte interface near the two electrodes .
Electrochemical-energy storage is less efficient than simple electrical-energy storage, which is the most efficient form of electricity storage. However, it offers an alternative without the disadvantages of direct storage of electrical energy using capacitors and coils, which is extremely efficient but costly and has very limited storage capacity.