Hydrogen transportation refers to the movement of hydrogen from production sites to end-use locations, where it can be employed as a clean energy source. Often, natural gas concepts, in terms of transportation and storage are usually cited as a basis for hydrogen gas in the open literature .
The development of hydrogen infrastructure, including refueling stations and storage facilities, has progressed significantly. To optimize the entire hydrogen supply chain, storage and transportation become critically important. Therefore, advancements in hydrogen storage and transportation technologies need rapid development.
The environmental impact of hydrogen production, storage and transport is evaluated in terms of greenhouse gas and energy footprints, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity potential, and eco-cost.
We recognize that hydrogen storage and transportation, as critical intermediaries in the hydrogen supply chain, are significantly influenced by both production and application sectors. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current and emerging hydrogen storage and transportation methods.
In the former case, the hydrogen is stored by altering its physical state, namely increasing the pressure (compressed gaseous hydrogen storage, CGH 2) or decreasing the temperature below its evaporation temperature (liquid hydrogen storage, LH 2) or using both methods (cryo-compressed hydrogen storage, CcH 2).
Currently, hydrogen systems come with a high cost and additional production, storage, and transportation challenges. The infrastructure to use and move hydrogen is quite limited at this point. This study discusses hydrogen production-related techniques, storage technologies, and the challenges in hydrogen transportation.