A lithium-titanate battery is a modified lithium-ion battery that uses lithium-titanate nanocrystals, instead of carbon, on the surface of its anode. This gives the anode a surface area of about 100 square meters per gram, compared with 3 square meters per gram for carbon, allowing electrons to enter and leave the anode quickly.
Lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12) has emerged as a promising anode material for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. The use of lithium titanate can improve the rate capability, cyclability, and safety features of Li-ion cells.
This paper investigates the characteristics of lithium titanate batteries at normal temperature in storage field. It has been reported that lithium-ion batteries ages faster at high state of charge (SOC) , so the batteries were charged 100%SOC before storage.
Using Li4Ti5O12 as its anode instead of graphite, the lithium titanate battery has the inherent advantages in rate characteristics, cycle life and chemical stability, which is more suitable for rail transit application. As an indicator of battery available energy, state of energy (SOE) is of great importance to estimate.
A disadvantage of lithium-titanate batteries is their lower inherent voltage (2.4 V), which leads to a lower specific energy (about 30–110 Wh/kg ) than conventional lithium-ion battery technologies, which have an inherent voltage of 3.7 V. Some lithium-titanate batteries, however, have an volumetric energy density of up to 177 Wh/L.
Lithium titanate Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 attracts the researchers’ attention due to the possibility of its use in compact thin-film batteries with high stability. The formula of this compound can be more convenient represented as Li [Li 1/3 Ti 5/3]O 4.