The influence of the combustion state on the heat release performance and voltage of lithium batteries is proposed. The influence of combustion state on energy release and smoke toxicity. Assessment methods for energy and smoke toxicity is proposed. The combustion state does not affect the TR behavior of the battery.
The combustion state does not affect the TR behavior of the battery. heat release rates (HRRs) were analysed during the experiment, and the material 3) can reach 5.38 times the lethal concentration. The HRR and remaining energy of the battery were greatly affected by the combustion states.
An increasing effective heat of combustion with the battery number is observed. This result implies the increasing combustion efficiency and the effective heat of combustion with the battery number. This is consistent with the result derived from the obtained ratio of CO 2 /CO concentration increments (see discussion in Sect. 4.2 ).
In order to fill in the gap and obtain the HRR and other burning characteristics of multiple primary battery cells, more experiments involving multiple primary lithium batteries were conducted in current study. The attention was given to the investigation of the combustion characteristics of lithium batteries as a consequence of thermal runaway.
However, previous and preliminary tests revealed that primary lithium battery fires can be a ferocious combustion process coupled with the discharge of corrosive substances and high flames that extend far beyond the dimension of a cone calorimeter. On the other hand, the size the battery specimen were too small for the ISO 9705 test room.
The burning batteries were observed to have flame temperatures in excess of 1,200°C and to release corrosive compounds. The experimental results show that the combustion efficiency, carbon dioxide yield and mass loss are proportional to the number of batteries in the bundle.