In 2017, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4) was the most extensively utilized cathode electrode material for lithium ion batteries due to its high safety, relatively low cost, high cycle performance, and flat voltage profile.
Currently, the most advanced cathode materials for high energy density batteries include traditional layered transition metal (TM) oxide LiMO 2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co, etc.), spinel LiMn 2 O 4, olivine LiFePO 4, and rechargeable lithium oxides. The capacities, energy densities, and costs of various cathode materials vary, as shown in Fig. 1.
The cathode material is a crucial component of lithium ions in this system and stable anode material can withstand not only lithium metal but also a variety of cathode materials [, , , ]. In 1982, Godshall showed for the first time the use of cathode (LiCoO 2) in lithium-ion batteries, setting a new standard in the field .
Here, the lithium ion battery and its materials are analyzed with reviewing some relevant articles. Generally, anode materials are used in LIB such as carbon, alloys, transition metal oxides, silicon, etc.,. Most of these anode materials are associated with high volume change.
This study describes new and promising electrode materials, Li 3 NbO 4 -based electrode materials, which are used for high-energy rechargeable lithium batteries. Although its crystal structure is classified as a cation-disordered rocksalt-type structure, lithium ions quickly migrate in percolative network in bulk without a sacrifice in kinetics.
The cathode is another core component of a lithium ion battery. It is also designated by the positive electrode. As it absorbs lithium ion during the discharge period, its materials and characteristics have a great impact on battery performance. For that reason, the elemental form of lithium is not stable enough.