The cost of raw materials, particularly lithium carbonate, plays a significant role in the pricing of lithium-ion batteries. The recent decrease in lithium prices has been a major factor in lowering battery costs. As lithium is a key component in these batteries, fluctuations in its price directly impact the overall cost of battery production.
The price of lithium-ion batteries has been on a downward trend, reaching a record low of $139 per kWh in 2023 and continuing to decrease into 2024. The reduction in lithium prices, increased production capacity, and technological advancements have all contributed to this trend.
Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence Lithium prices fell after peaking at over $79,637 per ton in December 2022, driven by surging demand for EVs. Despite starting the year near record highs, prices dropped as overcapacity in battery production, particularly lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, began to impact the market.
As of 2024, lithium prices have stabilized from their major plunge of 2022-2023. The current price is attributed to several factors: Increased Demand: The global shift towards electrification and decarbonization has accelerated the demand for lithium-ion batteries. EVs, energy storage systems, and consumer electronics continue to drive this demand.
Due to the small supply base, the price of the mineral is exceptionally volatile, reflected in its increases over the past year. The cost of lithium has risen from $6,000 per tonne in 2020 to $78,032 a tonne in 2022, a 13-fold increase in less than two years.
Lithium prices have seen dramatic changes over the past decade. From 2010 to 2015, prices remained relatively stable, with minor fluctuations due to steady demand and supply conditions. However, from 2015 onwards, prices began to soar, driven by the booming EV market and increased demand for renewable energy storage solutions.