Users of lithium-ion batteries need to be aware of both. A punctured lithium-ion battery can lead to a serious fire in some cases. Potent electrolytes can leak through the hole, often creating chemical reactions that release heat. This heat can then damage other battery cells, creating a chain reaction of damage.
Despite protection by battery safety mechanisms, fires originating from primary lithium and lithium-ion batteries are a relatively frequent occurrence. This paper reviews the hazards associated with primary lithium and lithium-ion cells, with an emphasis on the role played by chemistry at individual cell level.
Lithium-ion batteries are the main type of rechargeable battery used and stored in commercial premises and residential buildings. The risks associated with these batteries can lead to a fire and/or an explosion with little or no warning.
Safety issues may arise during the life cycle of primary lithium batteries due to any of the following processes: Highly flammable hydrogen gas is generated, usually followed by ignition, upon contact of lithium metal with water.
Hazards associated with lithium-ion cells can originate from to the following side reactions: Molten lithium can form in the event of overcharging metal lithium cells due to the low melting point of lithium metal (180 °C).
Specific risk control measures should be determined through site, task and activity risk assessments, with the handling of and work on batteries clearly changing the risk profile. Considerations include: Segregation of charging and any areas where work on or handling of lithium-ion batteries is undertaken.