N-Type solar cells are distinguished by their unique structural composition, which plays a crucial role in their performance. These cells are made using silicon doped with elements like phosphorus, which impart an excess of electrons, thereby creating a negative charge (N-Type).
The fundamental difference between N-Type and P-Type solar cells lies in their doping process and resultant electrical properties. N-Type cells, doped with elements like phosphorus, have an excess of electrons, leading to a negative charge. In contrast, P-Type cells, doped with elements such as boron, lack electrons, resulting in a positive charge.
The manufacturing process for P-Type solar cells is well-established and less complex than that of N-Type cells. It involves the creation of P-Type silicon wafers and the formation of a p-n junction. Techniques like aluminum back-surface field (Al-BSF) are commonly used to enhance cell efficiency.
The materials and structure of a solar cell, vary slightly depending on the technology used to manufacture the cell. Traditional cells feature Aluminum Back Surface Field (Al-BSF), but there are newer technologies in the market including PERC, IBC, and bifacial technology.
N-type and P-type solar cells generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. This process relies on the semiconductor properties of silicon, which is the main material used in solar cells. In an N-type cell, phosphorus or arsenic atoms are added to the silicon, providing extra electrons. These electrons can move freely through the material.
N-Type silicon cells offer a significant advantage over their P-Type counterparts due to their resilience against Light Induced Degradation (LID). LID can significantly impair the performance of solar panels by reducing their efficiency as they are exposed to sunlight over time.