Li-ion cells are increasingly used as battery packs for many applications due to their high energy density and rechargeable characteristics. However, we must link a Li-ion cell with a BMS to safeguard the circuit from being destroyed or reducing the cell's life.
A lithum-Ion battery is one of the most commonly used energy storage devices employed for powering equipment and gadgets in today’s time. Due to a high energy density and rechargeable capabilities, Li-ion cells are connected in different series and parallel arrangements to make a battery pack of different voltage output and capacities.
At some point, the 3.6 V of a single lithium ion battery just won’t do, and you’ll absolutely want to stack LiIon cells in series. When you need high power, you’ve either got to increase voltage or current, and currents above say 10 A require significantly beefed up components.
Flow batteries and other chemistries. These are commonly available in 48V. Multiple batteries can connect in parallel without any issues. Each battery has its own battery management system. Together they will generate a total state of charge value for the whole battery bank. A GX monitoring device is needed in the system.
To make a battery pack, the first step is to know the nominal voltage of a cell. The cells selected by us have a nominal voltage of 3.7Volts while the charge voltage is 4.2V. So, in order to make a 12 V pack, we require 3 cells connected in series. The image of cells we used is shown below We are selecting a 3.7V battery with a capacity of 1200mAh.
The pack has a configuration of 6S 74P and which makes the total number of cells as 444 cells. The total capacity of the battery module is 232 Ah and 5.3 kWh, to see how the series and parallel connection of the cell impacts its capacity and voltage check our previous article, designing a 12V battery pack.