Solar-powered water purification systems utilize solar energy to treat and purify water from various sources. The basic principles involve harnessing the power of the sun to generate heat and electricity, which is then used to remove contaminants and pathogens from water.
However, the adoption of solar energy in water purification is a relatively recent development. Over the years, advancements in solar technology and the increasing understanding of its potential have led to the integration of solar energy in the water purification process.
The potential for portable solar water purifiers is significant. According to the World Health Organization, over two million die of water-borne diseases annually. One billion do not have access to safe drinking water. Solar water purification is considered an effective method of pathogen contaminant purification.
Solar water purification is not fail-safe, as certain pathogenic viruses and protozoa can survive the treatment, according to research. However, it is far superior to drinking untreated water and has significantly reduced the occurrence of waterborne illnesses in developing countries.
While these traditional processes require infrastructure and maintenance, solar-powered water purification offers a complementary solution. Solar energy can power purification systems that mimic multiple stages of the conventional process, such as solar distillation combining flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration.
There are various types of solar-powered water purification systems, including solar stills and solar disinfection. Solar stills use solar energy to evaporate water and collect the condensed vapor, effectively removing impurities. On the other hand, solar disinfection relies on the sun’s UV radiation to kill harmful microorganisms in water.