The different lithium battery types get their names from their active materials. For example, the first type we will look at is the lithium iron phosphate battery, also known as LiFePO4, based on the chemical symbols for the active materials. However, many people shorten the name further to simply LFP. #1. Lithium Iron Phosphate
Lithium-ion cells can be manufactured to optimize energy or power density. Handheld electronics mostly use lithium polymer batteries (with a polymer gel as an electrolyte), a lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 or NMC) may offer longer life and a higher discharge rate.
Like any other battery, a rechargeable lithium-ion battery is made of one or more power-generating compartments called cells.
Lithium batteries are more popular today than ever before. You’ll find them in your cell phone, laptop computer, cordless power tools, and even electric vehicles. However, just because all of these electronics use lithium batteries doesn’t mean they use the same type of lithium batteries.
Photo: Lithium-ion batteries power all kinds of "mobile" technology, from electric toothbrushes and tablet computers to electric cars and trucks. Photo by Dennis Schroeder courtesy of NREL (photo id#119047). If you've read our main article on batteries, you'll know a battery is essentially a chemical experiment happening in a small metal canister.
Lithium is the third element in the periodic table and the least heavy metal on earth. Due to this mass issue alone, it has a great advantage over the other elements. Lithium-ion batteries also have a higher energy density than other types of batteries, which makes it possible to make batteries that are smaller in size (and weight).
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