It ensures optimal battery utilization by controlling the battery’s state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), and maintaining safety during charge and discharge cycles. In modern electric vehicles (EVs), Battery Management System plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient energy use and prolonging battery life.
Increased safety: By continuously monitoring and protecting the battery pack, a BMS significantly reduces the risk of thermal runaway, fires, or other hazardous events. Extended battery life: Proper cell balancing, thermal management, and state estimation help maximize the battery’s cycle life and overall longevity.
2. Modular BMS: This architecture divides the battery pack into smaller modules, each with its own BMS controller. These modules communicate with a central master controller, offering improved scalability and redundancy. 3. Distributed BMS: In a distributed BMS, each battery cell or small group of cells has its own dedicated management circuit.
Although the battery management system has relatively complete circuit functions, there is still a lack of systematic measurement and research in the estimation of the battery status, the effective utilization of battery performance, the charging method of group batteries, and the thermal management of batteries.
A centralized BMS is a common type used in larger battery systems such as electric vehicles or grid energy storage. It consists of a single control unit that monitors and controls all the batteries within the system. This allows for efficient management and optimization of battery performance, ensuring equal charging and discharging among cells. 2.
One way to figure out the battery management system's monitoring parameters like state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), remaining useful life (RUL), state of function (SoF), state of performance (SoP), state of energy (SoE), state of safety (SoS), and state of temperature (SoT) as shown in Fig. 11 . Fig. 11.