(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sensing) The implementation of an energy storage system (ESS) as a container-type package is common due to its ease of installation, management, and safety.
To ensure a suitable operating environment for energy storage systems, a suitable thermal management system is particularly important.
The operating environment of an ESS must be managed within the operating range provided by the manufacturer. It is recommended that the ESS container used in this study be operated at 35~75% humidity and 18~28 °C. Figure 2 shows an example of the relative humidity, temperature of the container, and battery cell temperature during summer.
The indoor temperature of the ESS container can be controlled to maintain the battery temperature below the target temperature. Generally, economical and simple forced air convection systems (FACS) are used to manage the indoor temperature of ESS containers [ 10 ].
In this study, temperature and humidity monitoring and management issues were addressed for a container-type ESS by building sensor-based monitoring and control systems. Furthermore, a rule-based air conditioner control algorithm was proposed for temperature and humidity management.
Temperature sensors must be located on the top side of each hot and cold aisle within the BESS container. This positioning ensures accurate temperature readings that reflect the variations in the container, which are critical for controlling the HVAC system.