In addition, spin-coating method is typically used for these state-of-the-art solar cells. However, spin-coating is not compatible with high-volume large area solar cell manufacturing .
17% efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated without the use of spin-coating. Systematic study on device performances when spin-coating process for each layer in the PSC is replaced by blow-drying. Blow-dried perovskite and spiro‐MeOTAD layers are better than their spin-coated counterparts.
Champion perovskite solar cells demonstrate power conversion efficiencies as high as 19.9%, proving the transferability of established manual spin-coating processes to automatic setups. Comparison with human experts reveals that the performance is already on par, while automated processing yields improved homogeneity across the substrate surface.
Besides, the MAAc-regulated devices retain 80% of their initial PCEs after more than 500 hours of storage under 40% RH conditions. This simple one-step dynamic spin-coating method introduced in this work reduces the environmental sensitivity of PSCs during device fabrication, which will be helpful for the industrial-scale fabrication of PSCs.
We are convinced that our methodology is not limited solely to spin-coating, but it holds great promise for other wet fabrication methods of PSCs such as blade-coating or slot-die-coating as they also rely on ink chemistry.
In an attempt to eliminate spin-coating, several approaches have been developed for fabricating efficient large area perovskite active layer, such as vacuum flash-assisted solution process , spray deposition , and doctor-blading method .