This review summarizes the LCA studies on solid state batteries (SSBs) with the available inventory data, scope of the assessment as well as the life cycle impact assessment results for the SSBs. Discrepancies involved in existing LCA studies has been pointed out with available LCAs on SSBs.
Solid-state batteries play a pivotal role in the next-generation batteries as they satisfy the stringent safety requirements for stationary or electric vehicle applications. Notable efforts are devoted to the competitive design of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) acting as both the electrolyte and the separator.
Solid state battery technologies based on the different classes of solid electrolytes face various technological challenges such as the scale-up of material production, production of the different battery components and compatibilities between their performance aspects .
New developments regarding various solid-state batteries (SSBs) are very promising to tackle these challenges, but only very few studies are available on the environmental assessment of SSBs. Prospective LCA methodology is used here to analyze the environmental hotspots over the different life cycle phases for emerging SSBs.
These electrolytes are still in the development stage as several challenges have to be addressed to improve the cycle life of all solid state inorganic batteries (ASSIBs), along with the reduction of cost of production . Ferrari et al. (2021) discussed solid state post-Li metal ion batteries including K, Ca, Mg, Na based batteries.
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, with notable advantages in safety, energy density, and longevity, yet the environmental implications of their life cycle, from manufacturing to disposal, remain a critical concern.