This technology often involves mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a small area, intensifying the heat. A solar energy block diagram illustrates the key components and their interconnections in solar power systems. Here's a simplified explanation of the main components typically found in such a diagram :
A PV generator is modeled as a constant active power and reactive power source in power system steady state studies. When PV generation changes due to the ambient environment, the power system steady state studies do not investigate the transients of the power system caused by the change in PV generation.
A straightforward idea for developing a dynamic model for any power system dynamic component is to divide the dynamic component into its subsystems, then build a dynamic model for each subsystem, and finally put them all together to form the complete model of the whole dynamic component. This can also be applied to modelling a PV generator.
The electric power generation system is represented by the “Solar Power” block in the figure. Each PV cell is a basic element of this block, which is modeled by its current and voltage characteristics (Jedari and Hamid Fathi, 2017).
A commonly used PV generation system takes a two-stage topology as shown in Fig. 1, where, normally the first stage is typically a DC/DC converter performing the power extraction from PV arrays. The second stage is typically a DC/AC converter ensuring a constant DC-link voltage and maintaining the power balance between DC and AC sides.
The operating point values can be calculated using ( 3 ), ( 6 ), ( 7 ), ( 14) and ( 15 ), and taking into account the balance of real power delivered by the system IpvVpv = 3/2 ( VgdIld + VgqIlq ). The static terms of the PV generation system are summarised in Table 1.