Let’s take a closer look at the key components that make up a BMS. 1. Battery Monitoring Unit (BMU): The BMU is responsible for monitoring various parameters of the battery, such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge. It collects data from different sensors and sends it to the central control unit for analysis.
There are five main functions in terms of hardware implementation in BMSs for EVs: battery parameter acquisition; battery system balancing; battery information management; battery thermal management; and battery charge control.
A centralized BMS is a common type used in larger battery systems such as electric vehicles or grid energy storage. It consists of a single control unit that monitors and controls all the batteries within the system. This allows for efficient management and optimization of battery performance, ensuring equal charging and discharging among cells. 2.
2. Distributed BMS: In contrast to centralized systems, distributed BMS involves multiple smaller control units connected to individual battery modules or cells. Each unit has its own monitoring capabilities, providing localized control and enhancing fault detection accuracy.
It ensures optimal battery utilization by controlling the battery’s state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), and maintaining safety during charge and discharge cycles. In modern electric vehicles (EVs), Battery Management System plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient energy use and prolonging battery life.
One key importance of BMS is its ability to monitor the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of batteries. By accurately measuring these parameters, BMS can provide real-time data on the battery’s capacity and overall condition. This information allows users to plan their activities accordingly and avoid unexpected power failures.