The Myanmar energy demand supply situation indicates that power generation mix must shift to more coal and hydropower, continued use of biomass, natural gas consumption, and appropriate increase of renewable energy such as solar PV and wind power generation.
Myanmar did not import electricity. Power generation, which includes electricity and heat, is one of the largest sources of CO2 emissions globally, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and natural gas in thermal power plants.
Rebuilding Myanmar’s power system will require establishing trust to develop the power sector. Developing solar PV can add incremental generating capacity in a relatively fast manner.
In Myanmar, transport energy consumption is projected based on the energy requirements of major sectors (industry, transport, agriculture, and households). The choice of fuel type is determined by available supply, since energy demands must be met mainly by domestic sources.
The yearly plan excludes coal-based power plants, of which the country currently has 120 MW of installed capacity. Based on the Energy Masterplan of Myanmar, three scenarios are considered (Table 12.3). In this masterplan, the shares differ between scenarios.
Myanmar’s energy sector is managed by the Ministry of Electric Power (MOEP) and the Ministry of Energy (MOE), which together account for over one-third of public sector revenue. Before May 2022, the two ministries operated under one single Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE).