Semiconductor materials ranged from “micromorphous and amorphous silicon” to quaternary or binary semiconductors, such as “gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)” are used in thin films based solar PV cells , , .
The literature provides some examples to prove this fact in the field of nano photovoltaics i.e. quantum dot-based thin film solar PV cells, QDSSC (quantum dot-sensitized solar PV cells), hybrid bulk-heterojunction solar PV cells and CdSe nanoparticles based QDSSC having an efficiency of about 4.54% , , .
With the growing problems surrounding global warming, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is getting more attraction for electricity generation. PV cells are semiconductor devices that have the ability to convert the energy available in both dispersed and concentrated solar radiation into direct current (DC) electricity .
The polymers/organic solar PV cells can also be categorized into dye-sensitized organic solar PV cells (DSSC), photoelectrochemical solar PV cells, plastic (polymer) and organic photovoltaic devices (OPVD) with the difference in their mechanism of operation , , .
Most panels on the market are made of monocrystalline, polycrystalline, or thin film ("amorphous”) silicon. In this article, we'll explain how solar cells are made and what parts are required to manufacture a solar panel. Solar panels are usually made from a few key components: silicon, metal, and glass.
Solar cells are made of semiconductor materials; given the broad solar spectrum, their fundamental efficiency limit is determined by several factors (Fig. 1).