Risks of contamination by leachates containing harmful chemicals are linked to environmental disasters (hurricanes, hail, and landslides). However, research into the health and environmental safety of solar cells is rare, despite the fact that solar cell devices contain harmful chemicals such as Cd, Pb, Sn, Cu, and Al.
However like other power generation sources, solar energy has also some Safety, Health and Environmental (SHE) concerns. This paper presents the overview of solar energy technologies and addresses the SHE impact of solar energy technologies to the sustainability of human activities.
Table 11. Safety, Health and Environmental (SHE) impact from the toxic compounds , , , , . To produce anti-reflective coatings for solar PV modules. Skin irritation, eyes irritation, throat problem, lungs problems, mouth and stomach burns.
However it has been seen that every form of generation source has carbon emission at some stages. In the manufacturing of PV solar cells, some highly toxic materials like cadmium, lead, arsenic, nickel and others are used, those have been restricted by global environmental policies , .
There are also certain minimum values of the area sought for the different device types (above 0.05 cm 2 for a concentrator cell, 1 cm 2 for a one-sun cell, 200 cm 2 for a ‘submodule’ and 800 cm 2 for a module). In recent years, approaches for contacting large-area solar cells during measurement have become increasingly complex.
The perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a rapidly advancing solar technology with high efficiencies and low production costs. However, as the PSC contains methylammonium lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3, MAPbI 3) in the light-harvesting active layer, addressing the safety issue of PSCs is an important prerequisite for its commercialization.