The condition of a battery state of charge declining to the point where it can no longer supply discharge current at a sufficient voltage or without damaging the battery. A programmed series of functions that a charge controller uses to control current and/or voltage in order to maintain battery state of charge.
The application characteristics of batteries primarily include temperature, charging time, charging capacity, energy consumption, and efficiency. The MSCC charging strategy effectively prevents overheating of the battery during the charging process by controlling the charging current.
Nevertheless, batteries usually require several hours to complete a full charger [11, 12]. Therefore, batteries usually take several hours to fully charge [8, 13]. Limited by battery charging mechanisms and technologies, the fastest charging time may currently take up to 30 min to attain an 80 % state of charge (SOC).
Li+ chargers regulate their charging voltage to an accuracy better than 0.75%, and their maximum charging rate is set with a current limit, much like that of a bench power supply (Figure 3). When fast charging begins, the cell voltage is low, and charging current assumes the current-limit value. Figure 3. Li+ battery voltage vs. charging current.
Pre-charge: Once the battery pack has been re-connected or is in a discharged state, pre-charging begins. During pre-charge, the charger starts to safely charge the depleted battery with a low current level that is typically C / 10 (where C is the capacity (in mAh)). As a result of pre-charge, the battery voltage slowly rises.
A charge controller that limits the charging current in a gradual manner with high-speed switching or linear control. A charge controller that limits charging current to a battery system by short-circuiting the array. A charge controller that suspends charging current to a battery system by completely short-circuiting the array.