However, lithium-ion batteries are temperature-sensitive, and a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is an essential component of commercial lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. Liquid cooling, due to its high thermal conductivity, is widely used in battery thermal management systems.
Liquid cooling, due to its high thermal conductivity, is widely used in battery thermal management systems. This paper first introduces thermal management of lithium-ion batteries and liquid-cooled BTMS.
Therefore, this paper summarizes the present or potential thermal hazard issues of lithium batteries (Li-ion, Li–S, and Li–air batteries). Moreover, the corresponding solutions are proposed to further improve the thermal safety performance of electrochemical energy storage technologies.
While battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are essential for optimizing battery performance, safety, and longevity under fast charging conditions, they also pose potential hazards that must be considered and addressed.
With the increasing application of the lithium-ion battery, higher requirements are put forward for battery thermal management systems. Compared with other cooling methods, liquid cooling is an efficient cooling method, which can control the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery within an acceptable range.
However, the low thermal conductivity of PCM is a challenge that makes it difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of battery packs during fast charging. Therefore, the concept of hybrid cooling is considered an advanced battery thermal management strategy by combining the advantages of liquid cooling and PCM cooling.