Overview of a variety of liquid-cooled TEC-Based techniques and their integration into battery thermal management. Compared to using solely liquid cooling, the suggested approach achieved around 20 °C lower in the 40 V test. Battery cell temperatures remained below 40 °C due to liquid cooling circulation.
Due to their high thermal conductivity and specific heat, liquid cooling systems are particularly effective for large battery packs and high discharge rates [101, 102]. These systems utilise fluids such as water or oil to effectively manage heat.
Over the past few years, thermoelectric coolers (TEC) have been increasingly used to cool LIBs effectively. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of thermoelectric technologies for improving the thermal management in LIB Systems.
Luo et al. achieved the ideal operating temperature of lithium-ion batteries by integrating thermoelectric cooling with water and air cooling systems. A hydraulic-thermal-electric multiphysics model was developed to evaluate the system's thermal performance.
This is primarily due to the excellent thermal properties of water-based coolants, which provide significant promise for managing heat in EVs . When compared to air, water has a greater specific heat and thermal conductivity. Water and oil are utilized as coolants in many systems for cooling.
Semiconductor-based TEC cooling has thus gained significant interest due to its quick activation time, simple design, and capability to cool rapidly with sudden high currents. Typically, it is integrated with one or more other cooling techniques .