Perovskite photovoltaic solar cells and modules can be manufactured using roll-to-roll (R2R) techniques, which have the potential for very low cost production. Understanding cost barriers and drivers that will impact its future commercial viability can beneficially guide research directions.
Moreover, perovskite materials have shown potential for solar-active electrode applications for integrating solar cells and batteries into a single device. However, there are significant challenges in applying perovskites in LIBs and solar-rechargeable batteries.
The current status of perovskite solar cells, ongoing obstacles, and future prospects are discussed. Recent rapid growth in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has sparked research attention due to their photovoltaic efficacy, which exceeds 25 % for small area PSCs.
In the cost estimate, Cai et al. assumed that this process could be scaled up to large modules with series interconnected cells as has been demonstrated with Dye Sensitised Solar Cells, and by making allowances for the different perovskite specific processes. They calculated a manufacturing cost of $30/m2.
In order to bring perovskite solar cells into the commercial market, it is necessary to improve and optimise the current fabrication methods and conduct further research. Combining or optimizing technologies is typically needed to balance performance, cost, and manufacturing efficiency. 1. Introduction
Target materials are created from powdered PbI 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I. The PCE of the manufactured PSCs is 15.4 %. The characterization techniques that can be performed in an ultrahigh vacuum are ideally suited to the thermal evaporation technique , . Researchers examined all perovskite solar cell and module thermal evaporation methods.