This review paper demonstrated that energy storage can be achieved by utilizing some very basic methods and materials. A comprehensive evaluation of several energy storage techniques is natural energy storage, TES, EES, MES, CES, BES, and ES using photonic energy conversions. Some of the key findings are highlighted below:
One main research gap in thermal energy storage systems is the development of effective and efficient storage materials and systems. Research has highlighted the need for advanced materials with high energy density and thermal conductivity to improve the overall performance of thermal energy storage systems . 4.4.2. Limitations
Though efficient and consistent electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems are required to store the energy because the electricity generated by utilizing solar or wind energy is very intermittent, as a result, the advancement of new ESS systems is essential to the utilization of large-scale solar and wind-based electricity production.
An open system that makes use of the groundwater's thermal capacity by pumping it underground and then injecting it again; this system can be further divided into Cave Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) and Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) the latter of which makes use of large hollowed-out caverns or pits, mines, buried tanks .
For the sustainable and renewable usage of energy, various energy storage methods such as TES, EES, PHS, BES, CAS, and SMES have been developed, and advancements have been made. This review article provides an overview of the fundamental concepts behind the long-term storage and utilization of energy resources.
The system is assessed based on its strengths, including its energy density, cycle life, and suitability for grid-scale applications, as well as its challenges, including cost, environmental concerns, and safety concerns. 2.4. Thermal energy storage system (TES)