3. Batteries — Depending on the application, a DC system may use VRLA, lithium-ion, NICAD or wet cell batteries, with almost all batteries running in a series due to the amount of power needed.
In a DC power system, the uninterruptible power system (UPS) takes in primary power — usually utility AC — and outputs DC voltage while providing backup power from the integrated batteries in the event of an extended power outage.
The components of the dc power system addressed by this document include lead-acid and nickel-cadmium storage batteries, static battery chargers, and distribution equipment. Guidance in selecting the quantity and types of equipment, the equipment ratings, interconnections, instrumentation and protection is also provided.
This calculator computes the number of batteries needed for any application +/- a battery. System is set to +20% (ah X 1.2) to account for wire resistance, resulting voltage loss, heat, and other DC system inefficiencies. For Critical Applications, battery sizing should be a starting point.
Renewable Energy Storage: DC batteries play a crucial role in storing energy generated from renewable sources such as solar and wind power for use during periods of low generation or high demand. Telecommunications: Backup power systems for telecommunications infrastructure often rely on DC batteries to maintain operations during power outages.
If the power consumption of these devices is low enough, their supply can be arranged with DC/DC converters, supplied by the higher voltage level DC system. The main components of the system are the battery, charger, and distribution switchboard including the DC system monitoring relay.