Forward select the optimal control sequence u k *, u k + 1 *, …, u N * according to x k − 1 and J *. The temperature of the battery thermal management system changes in real time and can vary between −20 °C and 60 °C.
An energy-efficient battery thermal management strategy is proposed. A control-oriented nonlinear battery thermal management model is established. The effect of wide environment temperature range disturbance on TMS is analyzed. The selection of the algorithmic hyperparameters is investigated.
The thermal issue attracts attention to the precise battery thermal management system (BTMS) and current control to maintain the cell/module/pack temperature within the acceptable range (0–40°C). Considering the thermal safety and operational efficiency,, the cell body temperature should be maintained within 15°C–35°C.
The battery thermal management architecture and vehicle energy flow diagram. The battery thermal management strategy controls the actuators to increase the heat power or dissipation of heat to make the battery temperature closer to the desired temperature range (20–30 °C).
The desired operating temperature range [T b m i n, T b m a x] of the battery system is set to [20,30] °C. When the battery temperature deviates from the desired range, the weight should increase to enable the battery temperature to be regulated towards the desired range.
An energy-efficient model predictive control algorithm based on dynamic programming solver is proposed for battery thermal management strategy. A control-oriented nonlinear battery thermal model is established for predicting temperature changes in thermal management system.