Capacitors exhibit exceptional power density, a vast operational temperature range, remarkable reliability, lightweight construction, and high efficiency, making them extensively utilized in the realm of energy storage. There exist two primary categories of energy storage capacitors: dielectric capacitors and supercapacitors.
Moreover, recent advancements in energy storage technology have led to significant improvements in the performance of ED capacitors. New materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes have increased energy density, while hybrid capacitors combining ED with pseudocapacitive materials have enhanced power density.
This comprehensive review has explored the current state and future directions of supercapacitor technology in energy storage applications. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising solutions to current and future energy challenges due to their high-power density, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, and long cycle life.
Capacitors possess higher charging/discharging rates and faster response times compared with other energy storage technologies, effectively addressing issues related to discontinuous and uncontrollable renewable energy sources like wind and solar .
When compared to traditional capacitors, they possess a lower power density but a higher energy density . Supercapacitors can serve as rapid starting power sources for electric vehicles, as well as balancing power supplies for lifting equipment.
Nature 629, 803–809 (2024) Cite this article Dielectric electrostatic capacitors 1, because of their ultrafast charge–discharge, are desirable for high-power energy storage applications.