The use of lead acid battery in commercial application is somewhat limited even up to the present point in time. This is because of the availability of other highly efficient and well fabricated energy density batteries in the market.
They are widely used in various applications such as automotive, marine, and stationary power systems. In this article, I will provide some examples of lead-acid batteries and their uses. One common example of lead-acid batteries is the starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) battery, which is commonly used in automobiles.
Over the past two decades, engineers and scientists have been exploring the applications of lead acid batteries in emerging devices such as hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy storage; these applications necessitate operation under partial state of charge.
There are two major types of lead–acid batteries: flooded batteries, which are the most common topology, and valve-regulated batteries, which are subject of extensive research and development [4,9]. Lead acid battery has a low cost ($300–$600/kWh), and a high reliability and efficiency (70–90%) .
It has been the most successful commercialized aqueous electrochemical energy storage system ever since. In addition, this type of battery has witnessed the emergence and development of modern electricity-powered society. Nevertheless, lead acid batteries have technologically evolved since their invention.
Improvements to lead battery technology have increased cycle life both in deep and shallow cycle applications. Li-ion and other battery types used for energy storage will be discussed to show that lead batteries are technically and economically effective. The sustainability of lead batteries is superior to other battery types.