“From a physics perspective, sodium batteries inherently have lower energy density than lithium batteries.” A typical sodium-ion battery has an energy density of about 150 watt-hours per kilogram at the cell level, he said. Lithium-ion batteries can range from about 180 to nearly 300 watt-hours per kilogram.
In summary, this perspective has given an overview of characteristic, cost, performance, and challenge of SIBs. Sodium ion batteries can be an alternative option due to increasing concerns about lithium scarcity and abundant sodium reserves.
1. Concept difference The electrodes of lead-acid batteries are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is a battery with sulfuric acid solution. In the discharge state of lead-acid battery, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead.
Graphene battery, as a update version of lead acid battery, it naturally strengthen the weaknesses of the original version , including the life and the design of the lead-acid battery charge and discharge times mentioned above in 300 times or so, and graphene battery charge and discharge times is around 500 times, improves the two-thirds.
Sodium-ion batteries therefore have a huge potential price advantage. Graphene batteries, as we said before, is an enhanced version of lead-acid batteries. So, compared to lead acid batteries, the lead plate is a little bit thicker. The general graphene battery is about 5kg heavier than a lead acid battery.
The ever-increasing energy demand and concerns on scarcity of lithium minerals drive the development of sodium ion batteries which are regarded as promising options apart from lithium ion batteries for energy storage technologies.